Cees van Westen

Vietnam is one of the most disaster-prone countries in Southeast Asia, facing increasing pressure from natural hazards.

Natural hazards such as earthquakes, floods, and landslides pose a persistent threat to the built environment, causing large economic losses and loss of life worldwide.

Population growth around volcanoes exposes millions of people worldwide to the risks of volcanic activity.

Urban systems consist of multiple interrelated components, including physical and social structures, among them people, organizations,