Nina Schwarz

Due to climate change, urban environments are becoming warmer. Residents may go to urban parks to cool off if their apartments are too hot (Wong et al., 2024).

Improved quality of life is one of the New Urban Agenda (NUA) underlined sectors to be incorporated "in every urban development or renewal policy and strategy" (UN-Habitat, 2017).

Unsafe houses and natural hazards are increasingly common threats for citizens of low-income countries.

Urban systems consist of multiple interrelated components, including physical and social structures, among them people, organizations,